Allies and partners

Who backs Ukraine with weapons, money, and politics — and who practically helps Russia wage the war. These are not always formal military alliances: we list countries and blocs with a clear open-source footprint.

“Ally” is used loosely. For Ukraine — donors and security frameworks (Kiel UST, bilateral security deals, etc.). For Russia — states providing territory, ammunition, drones, troops, or critical economic / dual-use support. The list is not exhaustive and is not a legal classification.

Ukraine’s side

support coalition

Dozens of states supply weapons and finance; key frameworks are the Ukraine Defense Contact Group (Ramstein), EU institutions, and bilateral security guarantees.

Donor countries (Kiel)38in the commitments tracker

Total aid573.3 bn €financial + humanitarian + military

Military aid311.4 bn €commitment estimate

Key frameworks and partners

United States

core

weapons · finance · intelligence · training

Largest weapons and intelligence donor; PDA / USAI packages and a bilateral security framework.

United Kingdom

core

weapons · training · intelligence

Early Challenger tanks, Storm Shadow, training; long-term security agreement.

Germany

core

weapons · finance · training

Among Europe’s top military donors (IRIS-T, Leopard, Patriot).

France

major

weapons · training

SCALP, Caesar, training; bilateral security guarantees.

Poland

core

weapons · logistics · training

Logistics hub, early tanks and artillery transfers, training.

European Union

core

finance · weapons · political support

Macro-financial aid, EPF military fund, sanctions on Russia.

NATO

core

political support · training · intelligence

Allied coordination, standards, training; Ukraine is a partner, not a member.

Top donors by commitments (mln €)

From the Kiel Institute Ukraine Support Tracker. Figures below are in millions of euros; summary cards above are in billions €.

1EU (institutions)190,372 mln €military: 60,080 mln €

2United States118,963 mln €military: 65,581 mln €

3Germany54,252 mln €military: 48,415 mln €

4United Kingdom33,851 mln €military: 25,330 mln €

5Norway31,733 mln €military: 24,799 mln €

6Netherlands23,486 mln €military: 19,541 mln €

7Sweden19,343 mln €military: 15,523 mln €

8Japan18,364 mln €military: 76 mln €

9Canada16,420 mln €military: 5,493 mln €

10Denmark12,175 mln €military: 10,797 mln €

11France10,337 mln €military: 8,547 mln €

12Poland6,433 mln €military: 4,999 mln €

13Switzerland5,803 mln €military: 0 mln €

14Belgium4,810 mln €military: 3,820 mln €

15Spain4,771 mln €military: 3,667 mln €

Details: financial aid · arms deliveries

Russia’s side

practical enablers

There is no formal coalition — only bilateral ties without which Russia’s war would be far harder: Belarusian territory, North Korean shells and troops, Iranian drones, and Chinese dual-use goods plus economic cover.

Belarus

core

territory / staging · logistics · nuclear weapons hosting · political support

2022 invasion staging ground, strikes from its territory, logistics, hosting Russian tactical nuclear weapons.

North Korea

core

ammunition · missiles · troops · political support

Millions of artillery shells, missiles; thousands of troops in Kursk Oblast (intelligence estimates).

Iran

core

drones · missiles · political support

Shahed / Geran drones and UAV tech; reports of missile deliveries.

China

major

dual-use / tech · economy / sanctions evasion · political support

Not a formal combat ally: machine tools, microelectronics, dual-use goods, economic cushion. Beijing denies lethal arms transfers.

Syria

political

political support

Political backing for Assad (until the situation changed); Russian bases in the region.

Cuba

political

political support

UN voting and political rhetoric aligned with Moscow.

Nicaragua

political

political support

Diplomatic support and symbolic gestures.

Eritrea

political

political support

One of the few states that regularly votes with Russia against Ukraine resolutions.

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